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How Do Pulleys Works?
The greater the number of wheels you have as well as the longer you wrap that rope round them, the greater you'll be able to lift.
One wheel
If you only have one rope and a wheel, a pulley will help to reverse the direction of the force you are lifting. As in the image below you pull the rope down to raise the weight. If you wish the weight of 100 kg to be lifted, you need to pull down using an amount equal to 100kg, which equals 1,000N (newtons).
If you wish to lift the weight one meter into the air, then you have take the loose rope for a distance of 1m from one end.
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Two wheels
If you now add additional wheels and then loop their ropes around, you will decrease the effort needed in order to raise the burden. If there are two wheels and an elastic rope wrapped around them, like the picture below.
This 100kg weight (1000 pounds of mass) is now is supported by two sections (the two strands to the right) instead of two (ignoring the loose end of the rope that you're pulling) This means that you can raise it with an energy of 500 newtons. Half as much! This is the reason we refer to pulling a pulley with two wheels and the rope woven around it in this manner provides the advantage of mechanical (ME) that is two.
Mechanical advantage is a measure of how a machine multiplies the force. The greater the advantage in mechanical terms the lower the force you will require, however, the more distance you'll have to apply the force.
The weight increases by 1m, however, we must extend the free end twice to the same distance (2m). What's the problem? In order to make the weight rise 1m, you must create two rope sections that support it rise by 1m .
In order to do this you must draw the rope's loose ends for 2m. It is also possible to determine the advantage of mechanical when we divide the length required in pulling the rope by how far at which the weight is moved.
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Four wheels
What do you think if you have four wheels that are joined by a rope that runs over them like the one in the photo below? It's clear that the 100kg weight (1000 pounds of weight) is now suspended from four rope sections (the ones to the left, and not taking into account the loose end of the rope that you're pulling).
This means that every section of rope supports one quarter of the 1000 newtons, which is 250 newtons. In order for lifting the weight up in the air it is necessary to pull only one quarter of the force, which is 250 newtons. In order to raise the weight 1m, you need to cut each piece of rope by one meter, which means you need to pull the loose portion of the rope for 4 meters.
We call it a pulley with four wheels and a rope wrapped around it provides the mechanical benefit by four. This is double more efficient than pulling a pulley that has two wheels and ropes.
What is a pulley like the lever
You'll probably notice that a pulley increases the force similar as a seesaw. It is a type of lever. If you are planning to raise someone four times as heavy as you would on a sawsaw, you must sit four times farther away from the center of balance (fulcrum) as you are. If you move the side of the seesaw downwards by 4cm, their side of the saw moves by 1cm. As they ascend they will gain an amount of energy potential equivalent of their body weight divided by how much they travel.
You'll lose the exact amount of energy, which is equal to the weight you carry (four less) twice the amount of space you travel (four times greater). You are able to shift their heavier weight by moving the end of the saw over a larger distance. The leverage of the saw allows you to generate greater force across a greater distance.
Similar thing happens with a pulley, only that you're pulling the rope, not the other end of a sawsaw. If you want to lift something four times more heavy, you could make use of the same force, however only when you pull the rope four times more.
If you examine the events happening between the two sides of a pulley and then multiply forces by distance and you'll see it's similar. On one side, you're using only a tiny force to cover an extensive distance. On the other hand you'll have a larger mass, but it's moving at a lower distance.
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